Most other sodium compounds are prepared either directly or indirectly from sodium chloride, which occurs in seawater, in natural brines, and as rock salt. The most important and familiar sodium compound is sodium chloride, or common salt, NaCl. In many organic applications, sodium is used in the form of dispersions in hydrocarbon liquid media. It is used in the purification of hydrocarbons and in the polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons. In addition, sodium is employed in the production of dyes and dye intermediates, in the synthesis of perfumes, and in a wide variety of organic reductions. Sodium also is used as a starting material in the manufacture of sodium hydride (NaH) and sodium borohydride (NaBH 4). Substantial amounts of sodium are used in the manufacture of sodium alkyl sulfates as the principal ingredient in synthetic detergents. Significant quantities were used in the manufacture of tetraethyl lead as a gasoline additive, a market that disappeared with the advent of unleaded gasoline. Two of the earliest uses of metallic sodium were in the manufacture of sodium cyanide and sodium peroxide. Which French chemist was the first to isolate codeine? Who is credited with the discovery of uranium? Test your knowledge. It conducts heat and electricity easily and exhibits the photoelectric effect (emission of electrons when exposed to light) to a marked degree. Lighter than water, sodium can be cut with a knife at room temperature but is brittle at low temperatures. Analysis of meteorites indicates that the silicate material present has an average content of approximately 4.6 atoms of sodium for every 100 atoms of silicon. Sodium has been identified in both the atomic and ionic forms in the spectra of stars, including the Sun, and the interstellar medium. The sodium content of the sea is approximately 1.05 percent, corresponding to a concentration of approximately 3 percent of sodium halides. ![]() There are huge deposits of rock salt in various parts of the world, and sodium nitrate deposits exist in Chile and Peru. Sodium is an important constituent of a number of silicate materials, such as feldspars and micas. ![]() In 1807 Sir Humphry Davy became the first to prepare sodium in its elemental form, applying electrolysis to fused sodium hydroxide (NaOH). SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!īecause sodium is extremely reactive, it never occurs in the free state in Earth’s crust.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! ![]()
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